netbox/netbox/dcim/models/cables.py

import itertools
from collections import defaultdict

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.db import models
from django.db.models import Sum
from django.dispatch import Signal
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

from dcim.choices import *
from dcim.constants import *
from dcim.fields import PathField
from dcim.utils import decompile_path_node, object_to_path_node
from netbox.models import ChangeLoggedModel, PrimaryModel

from utilities.fields import ColorField
from utilities.querysets import RestrictedQuerySet
from utilities.utils import to_meters
from wireless.models import WirelessLink
from .device_components import FrontPort, RearPort

__all__ = (
    'Cable',
    'CablePath',
    'CableTermination',
)


trace_paths = Signal()


#
# Cables
#

class Cable(PrimaryModel):
    """
    A physical connection between two endpoints.
    """
    type = models.CharField(
        verbose_name=_('type'),
        max_length=50,
        choices=CableTypeChoices,
        blank=True
    )
    status = models.CharField(
        verbose_name=_('status'),
        max_length=50,
        choices=LinkStatusChoices,
        default=LinkStatusChoices.STATUS_CONNECTED
    )
    tenant = models.ForeignKey(
        to='tenancy.Tenant',
        on_delete=models.PROTECT,
        related_name='cables',
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    label = models.CharField(
        verbose_name=_('label'),
        max_length=100,
        blank=True
    )
    color = ColorField(
        verbose_name=_('color'),
        blank=True
    )
    length = models.DecimalField(
        verbose_name=_('length'),
        max_digits=8,
        decimal_places=2,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    length_unit = models.CharField(
        verbose_name=_('length unit'),
        max_length=50,
        choices=CableLengthUnitChoices,
        blank=True,
    )
    # Stores the normalized length (in meters) for database ordering
    _abs_length = models.DecimalField(
        max_digits=10,
        decimal_places=4,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('pk',)
        verbose_name = _('cable')
        verbose_name_plural = _('cables')

    def __init__(self, *args, a_terminations=None, b_terminations=None, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # A copy of the PK to be used by __str__ in case the object is deleted
        self._pk = self.__dict__.get('id')

        # Cache the original status so we can check later if it's been changed
        self._orig_status = self.__dict__.get('status')

        self._terminations_modified = False

        # Assign or retrieve A/B terminations
        if a_terminations:
            self.a_terminations = a_terminations
        if b_terminations:
            self.b_terminations = b_terminations

    def __str__(self):
        pk = self.pk or self._pk
        return self.label or f'#{pk}'

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('dcim:cable', args=[self.pk])

    @property
    def a_terminations(self):
        if hasattr(self, '_a_terminations'):
            return self._a_terminations

        if not self.pk:
            return []

        # Query self.terminations.all() to leverage cached results
        return [
            ct.termination for ct in self.terminations.all() if ct.cable_end == CableEndChoices.SIDE_A
        ]

    @a_terminations.setter
    def a_terminations(self, value):
        if not self.pk or self.a_terminations != list(value):
            self._terminations_modified = True
        self._a_terminations = value

    @property
    def b_terminations(self):
        if hasattr(self, '_b_terminations'):
            return self._b_terminations

        if not self.pk:
            return []

        # Query self.terminations.all() to leverage cached results
        return [
            ct.termination for ct in self.terminations.all() if ct.cable_end == CableEndChoices.SIDE_B
        ]

    @b_terminations.setter
    def b_terminations(self, value):
        if not self.pk or self.b_terminations != list(value):
            self._terminations_modified = True
        self._b_terminations = value

    def clean(self):
        super().clean()

        # Validate length and length_unit
        if self.length is not None and not self.length_unit:
            raise ValidationError("Must specify a unit when setting a cable length")

        if self.pk is None and (not self.a_terminations or not self.b_terminations):
            raise ValidationError("Must define A and B terminations when creating a new cable.")

        if self._terminations_modified:

            # Check that all termination objects for either end are of the same type
            for terms in (self.a_terminations, self.b_terminations):
                if len(terms) > 1 and not all(isinstance(t, type(terms[0])) for t in terms[1:]):
                    raise ValidationError("Cannot connect different termination types to same end of cable.")

            # Check that termination types are compatible
            if self.a_terminations and self.b_terminations:
                a_type = self.a_terminations[0]._meta.model_name
                b_type = self.b_terminations[0]._meta.model_name
                if b_type not in COMPATIBLE_TERMINATION_TYPES.get(a_type):
                    raise ValidationError(f"Incompatible termination types: {a_type} and {b_type}")

            # Run clean() on any new CableTerminations
            for termination in self.a_terminations:
                CableTermination(cable=self, cable_end='A', termination=termination).clean()
            for termination in self.b_terminations:
                CableTermination(cable=self, cable_end='B', termination=termination).clean()

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        _created = self.pk is None

        # Store the given length (if any) in meters for use in database ordering
        if self.length and self.length_unit:
            self._abs_length = to_meters(self.length, self.length_unit)
        else:
            self._abs_length = None

        # Clear length_unit if no length is defined
        if self.length is None:
            self.length_unit = ''

        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

        # Update the private pk used in __str__ in case this is a new object (i.e. just got its pk)
        self._pk = self.pk

        # Retrieve existing A/B terminations for the Cable
        a_terminations = {ct.termination: ct for ct in self.terminations.filter(cable_end='A')}
        b_terminations = {ct.termination: ct for ct in self.terminations.filter(cable_end='B')}

        # Delete stale CableTerminations
        if self._terminations_modified:
            for termination, ct in a_terminations.items():
                if termination.pk and termination not in self.a_terminations:
                    ct.delete()
            for termination, ct in b_terminations.items():
                if termination.pk and termination not in self.b_terminations:
                    ct.delete()

        # Save new CableTerminations (if any)
        if self._terminations_modified:
            for termination in self.a_terminations:
                if not termination.pk or termination not in a_terminations:
                    CableTermination(cable=self, cable_end='A', termination=termination).save()
            for termination in self.b_terminations:
                if not termination.pk or termination not in b_terminations:
                    CableTermination(cable=self, cable_end='B', termination=termination).save()

        trace_paths.send(Cable, instance=self, created=_created)

    def get_status_color(self):
        return LinkStatusChoices.colors.get(self.status)


class CableTermination(ChangeLoggedModel):
    """
    A mapping between side A or B of a Cable and a terminating object (e.g. an Interface or CircuitTermination).
    """
    cable = models.ForeignKey(
        to='dcim.Cable',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='terminations'
    )
    cable_end = models.CharField(
        max_length=1,
        choices=CableEndChoices,
        verbose_name=_('end')
    )
    termination_type = models.ForeignKey(
        to=ContentType,
        limit_choices_to=CABLE_TERMINATION_MODELS,
        on_delete=models.PROTECT,
        related_name='+'
    )
    termination_id = models.PositiveBigIntegerField()
    termination = GenericForeignKey(
        ct_field='termination_type',
        fk_field='termination_id'
    )

    # Cached associations to enable efficient filtering
    _device = models.ForeignKey(
        to='dcim.Device',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    _rack = models.ForeignKey(
        to='dcim.Rack',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    _location = models.ForeignKey(
        to='dcim.Location',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )
    _site = models.ForeignKey(
        to='dcim.Site',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        blank=True,
        null=True
    )

    objects = RestrictedQuerySet.as_manager()

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('cable', 'cable_end', 'pk')
        constraints = (
            models.UniqueConstraint(
                fields=('termination_type', 'termination_id'),
                name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_unique_termination'
            ),
        )
        verbose_name = _('cable termination')
        verbose_name_plural = _('cable terminations')

    def __str__(self):
        return f'Cable {self.cable} to {self.termination}'

    def clean(self):
        super().clean()

        # Check for existing termination
        existing_termination = CableTermination.objects.exclude(cable=self.cable).filter(
            termination_type=self.termination_type,
            termination_id=self.termination_id
        ).first()
        if existing_termination is not None:
            raise ValidationError(
                f"Duplicate termination found for {self.termination_type.app_label}.{self.termination_type.model} "
                f"{self.termination_id}: cable {existing_termination.cable.pk}"
            )

        # Validate interface type (if applicable)
        if self.termination_type.model == 'interface' and self.termination.type in NONCONNECTABLE_IFACE_TYPES:
            raise ValidationError(f"Cables cannot be terminated to {self.termination.get_type_display()} interfaces")

        # A CircuitTermination attached to a ProviderNetwork cannot have a Cable
        if self.termination_type.model == 'circuittermination' and self.termination.provider_network is not None:
            raise ValidationError("Circuit terminations attached to a provider network may not be cabled.")

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):

        # Cache objects associated with the terminating object (for filtering)
        self.cache_related_objects()

        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

        # Set the cable on the terminating object
        termination_model = self.termination._meta.model
        termination_model.objects.filter(pk=self.termination_id).update(
            cable=self.cable,
            cable_end=self.cable_end
        )

    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):

        # Delete the cable association on the terminating object
        termination_model = self.termination._meta.model
        termination_model.objects.filter(pk=self.termination_id).update(
            cable=None,
            cable_end=''
        )

        super().delete(*args, **kwargs)

    def cache_related_objects(self):
        """
        Cache objects related to the termination (e.g. device, rack, site) directly on the object to
        enable efficient filtering.
        """
        assert self.termination is not None

        # Device components
        if getattr(self.termination, 'device', None):
            self._device = self.termination.device
            self._rack = self.termination.device.rack
            self._location = self.termination.device.location
            self._site = self.termination.device.site

        # Power feeds
        elif getattr(self.termination, 'rack', None):
            self._rack = self.termination.rack
            self._location = self.termination.rack.location
            self._site = self.termination.rack.site

        # Circuit terminations
        elif getattr(self.termination, 'site', None):
            self._site = self.termination.site
    cache_related_objects.alters_data = True

    def to_objectchange(self, action):
        objectchange = super().to_objectchange(action)
        objectchange.related_object = self.termination
        return objectchange


class CablePath(models.Model):
    """
    A CablePath instance represents the physical path from a set of origin nodes to a set of destination nodes,
    including all intermediate elements.

    `path` contains the ordered set of nodes, arranged in lists of (type, ID) tuples. (Each cable in the path can
    terminate to one or more objects.)  For example, consider the following
    topology:

                     A                              B                              C
        Interface 1 --- Front Port 1 | Rear Port 1 --- Rear Port 2 | Front Port 3 --- Interface 2
                        Front Port 2                                 Front Port 4

    This path would be expressed as:

    CablePath(
        path = [
            [Interface 1],
            [Cable A],
            [Front Port 1, Front Port 2],
            [Rear Port 1],
            [Cable B],
            [Rear Port 2],
            [Front Port 3, Front Port 4],
            [Cable C],
            [Interface 2],
        ]
    )

    `is_active` is set to True only if every Cable within the path has a status of "connected". `is_complete` is True
    if the instance represents a complete end-to-end path from origin(s) to destination(s). `is_split` is True if the
    path diverges across multiple cables.

    `_nodes` retains a flattened list of all nodes within the path to enable simple filtering.
    """
    path = models.JSONField(
        verbose_name=_('path'),
        default=list
    )
    is_active = models.BooleanField(
        verbose_name=_('is active'),
        default=False
    )
    is_complete = models.BooleanField(
        verbose_name=_('is complete'),
        default=False
    )
    is_split = models.BooleanField(
        verbose_name=_('is split'),
        default=False
    )
    _nodes = PathField()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _('cable path')
        verbose_name_plural = _('cable paths')

    def __str__(self):
        return f"Path #{self.pk}: {len(self.path)} hops"

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):

        # Save the flattened nodes list
        self._nodes = list(itertools.chain(*self.path))

        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

        # Record a direct reference to this CablePath on its originating object(s)
        origin_model = self.origin_type.model_class()
        origin_ids = [decompile_path_node(node)[1] for node in self.path[0]]
        origin_model.objects.filter(pk__in=origin_ids).update(_path=self.pk)

    @property
    def origin_type(self):
        if self.path:
            ct_id, _ = decompile_path_node(self.path[0][0])
            return ContentType.objects.get_for_id(ct_id)

    @property
    def destination_type(self):
        if self.is_complete:
            ct_id, _ = decompile_path_node(self.path[-1][0])
            return ContentType.objects.get_for_id(ct_id)

    @property
    def path_objects(self):
        """
        Cache and return the complete path as lists of objects, derived from their annotation within the path.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, '_path_objects'):
            self._path_objects = self._get_path()
        return self._path_objects

    @property
    def origins(self):
        """
        Return the list of originating objects.
        """
        return self.path_objects[0]

    @property
    def destinations(self):
        """
        Return the list of destination objects, if the path is complete.
        """
        if not self.is_complete:
            return []
        return self.path_objects[-1]

    @property
    def segment_count(self):
        return int(len(self.path) / 3)

    @classmethod
    def from_origin(cls, terminations):
        """
        Create a new CablePath instance as traced from the given termination objects. These can be any object to which a
        Cable or WirelessLink connects (interfaces, console ports, circuit termination, etc.). All terminations must be
        of the same type and must belong to the same parent object.
        """
        from circuits.models import CircuitTermination

        if not terminations:
            return None

        # Ensure all originating terminations are attached to the same link
        if len(terminations) > 1:
            assert all(t.link == terminations[0].link for t in terminations[1:])

        path = []
        position_stack = []
        is_complete = False
        is_active = True
        is_split = False

        while terminations:

            # Terminations must all be of the same type
            assert all(isinstance(t, type(terminations[0])) for t in terminations[1:])

            # Check for a split path (e.g. rear port fanning out to multiple front ports with
            # different cables attached)
            if len(set(t.link for t in terminations)) > 1:
                is_split = True
                break

            # Step 1: Record the near-end termination object(s)
            path.append([
                object_to_path_node(t) for t in terminations
            ])

            # Step 2: Determine the attached link (Cable or WirelessLink), if any
            link = terminations[0].link
            if link is None and len(path) == 1:
                # If this is the start of the path and no link exists, return None
                return None
            elif link is None:
                # Otherwise, halt the trace if no link exists
                break
            assert type(link) in (Cable, WirelessLink)

            # Step 3: Record the link and update path status if not "connected"
            path.append([object_to_path_node(link)])
            if hasattr(link, 'status') and link.status != LinkStatusChoices.STATUS_CONNECTED:
                is_active = False

            # Step 4: Determine the far-end terminations
            if isinstance(link, Cable):
                termination_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(terminations[0])
                local_cable_terminations = CableTermination.objects.filter(
                    termination_type=termination_type,
                    termination_id__in=[t.pk for t in terminations]
                )
                # Terminations must all belong to same end of Cable
                local_cable_end = local_cable_terminations[0].cable_end
                assert all(ct.cable_end == local_cable_end for ct in local_cable_terminations[1:])
                remote_cable_terminations = CableTermination.objects.filter(
                    cable=link,
                    cable_end='A' if local_cable_end == 'B' else 'B'
                )
                remote_terminations = [ct.termination for ct in remote_cable_terminations]
            else:
                # WirelessLink
                remote_terminations = [link.interface_b] if link.interface_a is terminations[0] else [link.interface_a]

            # Step 5: Record the far-end termination object(s)
            path.append([
                object_to_path_node(t) for t in remote_terminations if t is not None
            ])

            # Step 6: Determine the "next hop" terminations, if applicable
            if not remote_terminations:
                break

            if isinstance(remote_terminations[0], FrontPort):
                # Follow FrontPorts to their corresponding RearPorts
                rear_ports = RearPort.objects.filter(
                    pk__in=[t.rear_port_id for t in remote_terminations]
                )
                if len(rear_ports) > 1:
                    assert all(rp.positions == 1 for rp in rear_ports)
                elif rear_ports[0].positions > 1:
                    position_stack.append([fp.rear_port_position for fp in remote_terminations])

                terminations = rear_ports

            elif isinstance(remote_terminations[0], RearPort):

                if len(remote_terminations) > 1 or remote_terminations[0].positions == 1:
                    front_ports = FrontPort.objects.filter(
                        rear_port_id__in=[rp.pk for rp in remote_terminations],
                        rear_port_position=1
                    )
                elif position_stack:
                    front_ports = FrontPort.objects.filter(
                        rear_port_id=remote_terminations[0].pk,
                        rear_port_position__in=position_stack.pop()
                    )
                else:
                    # No position indicated: path has split, so we stop at the RearPorts
                    is_split = True
                    break

                terminations = front_ports

            elif isinstance(remote_terminations[0], CircuitTermination):
                # Follow a CircuitTermination to its corresponding CircuitTermination (A to Z or vice versa)
                if len(remote_terminations) > 1:
                    is_split = True
                    break
                circuit_termination = CircuitTermination.objects.filter(
                    circuit=remote_terminations[0].circuit,
                    term_side='Z' if remote_terminations[0].term_side == 'A' else 'A'
                ).first()
                if circuit_termination is None:
                    break
                elif circuit_termination.provider_network:
                    # Circuit terminates to a ProviderNetwork
                    path.extend([
                        [object_to_path_node(circuit_termination)],
                        [object_to_path_node(circuit_termination.provider_network)],
                    ])
                    is_complete = True
                    break
                elif circuit_termination.site and not circuit_termination.cable:
                    # Circuit terminates to a Site
                    path.extend([
                        [object_to_path_node(circuit_termination)],
                        [object_to_path_node(circuit_termination.site)],
                    ])
                    break

                terminations = [circuit_termination]

            # Anything else marks the end of the path
            else:
                is_complete = True
                break

        return cls(
            path=path,
            is_complete=is_complete,
            is_active=is_active,
            is_split=is_split
        )

    def retrace(self):
        """
        Retrace the path from the currently-defined originating termination(s)
        """
        _new = self.from_origin(self.origins)
        if _new:
            self.path = _new.path
            self.is_complete = _new.is_complete
            self.is_active = _new.is_active
            self.is_split = _new.is_split
            self.save()
        else:
            self.delete()
    retrace.alters_data = True

    def _get_path(self):
        """
        Return the path as a list of prefetched objects.
        """
        # Compile a list of IDs to prefetch for each type of model in the path
        to_prefetch = defaultdict(list)
        for node in self._nodes:
            ct_id, object_id = decompile_path_node(node)
            to_prefetch[ct_id].append(object_id)

        # Prefetch path objects using one query per model type. Prefetch related devices where appropriate.
        prefetched = {}
        for ct_id, object_ids in to_prefetch.items():
            model_class = ContentType.objects.get_for_id(ct_id).model_class()
            queryset = model_class.objects.filter(pk__in=object_ids)
            if hasattr(model_class, 'device'):
                queryset = queryset.prefetch_related('device')
            prefetched[ct_id] = {
                obj.id: obj for obj in queryset
            }

        # Replicate the path using the prefetched objects.
        path = []
        for step in self.path:
            nodes = []
            for node in step:
                ct_id, object_id = decompile_path_node(node)
                try:
                    nodes.append(prefetched[ct_id][object_id])
                except KeyError:
                    # Ignore stale (deleted) object IDs
                    pass
            path.append(nodes)

        return path

    def get_cable_ids(self):
        """
        Return all Cable IDs within the path.
        """
        cable_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Cable).pk
        cable_ids = []

        for node in self._nodes:
            ct, id = decompile_path_node(node)
            if ct == cable_ct:
                cable_ids.append(id)

        return cable_ids

    def get_total_length(self):
        """
        Return a tuple containing the sum of the length of each cable in the path
        and a flag indicating whether the length is definitive.
        """
        cable_ids = self.get_cable_ids()
        cables = Cable.objects.filter(id__in=cable_ids, _abs_length__isnull=False)
        total_length = cables.aggregate(total=Sum('_abs_length'))['total']
        is_definitive = len(cables) == len(cable_ids)

        return total_length, is_definitive

    def get_split_nodes(self):
        """
        Return all available next segments in a split cable path.
        """
        from circuits.models import CircuitTermination
        nodes = self.path_objects[-1]

        # RearPort splitting to multiple FrontPorts with no stack position
        if type(nodes[0]) is RearPort:
            return FrontPort.objects.filter(rear_port__in=nodes)
        # Cable terminating to multiple FrontPorts mapped to different
        # RearPorts connected to different cables
        elif type(nodes[0]) is FrontPort:
            return RearPort.objects.filter(pk__in=[fp.rear_port_id for fp in nodes])
        # Cable terminating to multiple CircuitTerminations
        elif type(nodes[0]) is CircuitTermination:
            return [
                ct.get_peer_termination() for ct in nodes
            ]