build(deps): bump golang in /packaging/debian

Bumps golang from 1.23-bookworm to 1.24-bookworm.

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golang
  dependency-type: direct:production
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

packaging/debian/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM docker.io/golang:1.23-bookworm AS build
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.24-bookworm AS build
 
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive