corosync/man/corosync_overview.8

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.TH COROSYNC_OVERVIEW 8 2012-02-13 "corosync Man Page" "Corosync Cluster Engine Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
corosync_overview \- Corosync overview
.SH OVERVIEW
The corosync project's purpose is to implement and support a production quality
Revised BSD licensed implementation of a high performance low overhead high
availability development toolkit.

Faults occur for various reasons:
.PP
* Application Faults
.PP
* Middleware Faults
.PP
* Operating System Faults
.PP
* Hardware Faults

The major focus of high availability in the past has been to mask hardware
faults. Faults in other components of the system have gone unsolved until
Corosync.  Corosync is designed for applications to replicate their state to
up to 16 processors.  The processors all contain a replica of the application
state.

The corosync project provides a group message API called CPG.
The project developers recommend CPG be used for most applications.  The CPG
service implements a closed group messaging model presenting extended virtual
synchrony guarantees. 

To manage conditions where the process executing the CPG application exchange
fails, we provide the Simple Availability Manager (sam) to provide simple
application restart.

.SH QUICKSTART
The corosync executive must be configured.  In the directory conf in the
source distribution are several files that must be copied to the /etc/corosync
directory.  If corosync is packaged by a distro, this may be complete.

The directory contains the file corosync.conf.  Please read the corosync.conf(5)
man page for details on the configuration options.  The corosync project will
work out of the box with the default configuration options, although the
administrator may desire different options.

The corosync executive uses cryptographic techniques to ensure authenticity
and privacy of the messages.  In order for corosync to be secure and operate,
a private key must be generated and shared to all processors.

First generate the key on one of the nodes:

unix# corosync-keygen
.br
Corosync Cluster Engine Authentication key generator.
.br
Gathering 1024 bits for key from /dev/random.
.br
Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy.
.br
Writing corosync key to /etc/corosync/authkey.
.PP

After this operation, a private key will be in the file /etc/corosync/authkey.
This private key must be copied to every processor in the cluster.  If the
private key isn't the same for every node, those nodes with nonmatching private
keys will not be able to join the same configuration.

Copy the key to some security transportable storage or use ssh to transmit the
key from node to node.  Then install the key with the command:

unix#: install -D --group=0 --owner=0 --mode=0400 /path_to_authkey/authkey /etc/corosync/authkey

If a message "Invalid digest" appears from the corosync executive, the keys
are not consistent between processors.

Finally run the corosync executive.  If corosync is packaged from a distro, it
may be set to start on system start.  It may also be turned off by default in
which case the init script for corosync must be enabled.

.SH USING LIBRARIES
The corosync libraries have header files which must be included in the
developer's application.  Once the header file is included, the developer can
reference the corosync interfaces.

The corosync project recommends to distros to place include files in
/usr/include/corosync.

.SH IPv6
The corosync project supports both IPv4 and IPv6 network addresses.  The entire
cluster must use either IPv4 or IPv6 for the cluster communication mechanism.
In order to use IPv6, IPv6 addresses must be specified in the bindnetaddr and
mcastaddr fields in the configuration file.  The nodeid field must also be
set.

An example of this is:
nodeid: 2
bindnetaddr: fec0::1:a800:4ff:fe00:20
mcastaddr: ff05::1

To configure a host for IPv6, use the ifconfig program to add interfaces:
box20: ifconfig eth0 add fec0::1:a800:4ff:fe00:20/64
box30: ifconfig eth0 add fec0::1:a800:4ff:fe00:30/64

If the /64 is not specified, a route for the IPv6 network will not be configured
which will cause significant problems.  Make sure a route is available for
IPv6 traffic.

.SH ARCHITECTURE
The corosync libraries are a thin IPC interface to the corosync executive.  The
corosync executive implements the functionality of the corosync APIs for
distributed coming.

The corosync executive uses the Totem extended virtual synchrony protocol.  The
advantage to the end user is excellent performance characteristics and a proven
protocol with excellent reliability.  This protocol connects the processors
in a configuration together so they may communicate.

.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The corosync executive process uses four environment variables during startup.
If these environment variables are not set, defaults will be used.

.TP
COROSYNC_MAIN_CONFIG_FILE
This specifies the fully qualified path to the corosync configuration file.

The default is /etc/corosync/corosync.conf.

.TP
COROSYNC_TOTEM_AUTHKEY_FILE
This specifies the fully qualified path to the shared key used to
authenticate and encrypt data used within the Totem protocol.

The default is /etc/corosync/authkey.

.SH SECURITY
The corosync executive optionally encrypts all messages sent over the network
using the SOBER-128 stream cipher.  The corosync executive uses HMAC and SHA1 to
authenticate all messages.  The corosync executive library uses SOBER-128
as a pseudo random number generator.

If membership messages can be captured by intruders, it is possible to execute
a denial of service attack on the cluster.  In this scenario, the cluster is
likely already compromised and a DOS attack is the least of the administration's
worries.

The security in corosync does not offer perfect forward secrecy because the keys
are reused.  It may be possible for an intruder by capturing packets in an
automated fashion to determine the shared key.  No such automated attack has
been published as of yet.  In this scenario, the cluster is likely already
compromised to allow the long-term capture of transmitted data.

For security reasons, the corosync executive binary should NEVER
be setuid or setgid in the filesystem.

.SH BUGS
None that are known.

.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR corosync.conf (5),
.BR corosync-keygen (8),
.BR cpg_overview (8),
.BR sam_overview (8)
.PP